Selected Publications and Presentations

Contents of this page:
Articles Available on the Web
Book Chapters
Tutorials & Courses
Other Articles, Papers & Presentations


Articles Available on the Web
All interactions magazine articles are posted with the permission of ACM.

"Why do Version 1.0 and not release it?" Conducting Field Trials of the Tablet PC.
Dray, S., Siegel, D., Feldman, E., & Potenza, M.
interactions, 9[2], 11 - 16, March/April, 2002.
pdf version
html version

Unique challenges, familiar issues: Sharing lessons learned to help HCI in the new South Africa.
Dray, S., Keynote speech delivered at CHI-South Africa conference, Pretoria, September, 2001.
html version of PowerPoint slides (follow the link to Proceedings)

New Kid on the Block: Marketing organizations and interaction design.
Siegel, D. & Dray, S.
interactions, 8[2], 19 - 24, March/April, 2001.
pdf version
html version

Thoughts from 35,000 feet: The evolving real-world context of user centered design. Dray, S., interactions, 7[3] 21 - 26 May/June 2000.
pdf version
html version

Penny-wise, pound-wise: making intelligent trade-offs in planning usability studies.
Dray, S., & Siegel, D.
interactions, 6[3], 25-30, May/June, 1999.
pdf version
html version

Dray, S., & Siegel, D. User-Centered Design and the "Vision Thing". interactions, 5[2], 16-20, March, 1998.
pdf version
html version

Job transformation in the age of the Net.
Millen, D. & Dray, S.
interactions, 4[2], 13-18, March, 1997.
pdf version
html version

Designing for the rest of the world: A consultant's observations.
Dray, S., interactions, 3(2), 15-18, March, 1996.
pdf version
html version

The importance of designing usable systems.
Dray, S., interactions, 2(1), 17-20, January, 1995.
pdf version
html version

Mind maps and causal models: Using graphical representations of field research data. Paper presented at CHI '97, Atlanta, GA (short paper program)
Millen, D., Schriefer, A., Lehder, D. & Dray, S.
html version

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Book Chapters

Dray, S. Mumford Revisited. In T. Erickson & D. McDonald, Eds., HCI Remixed: Reflections on Notable HCI Papers, MIT Press, 2007.

Dray, S. & Siegel, D. Beyond localization: User research for international products. In Dunne, K., Ed. Issues in Localization. ATA Scholarly Monograph Series, Kent State University, Johns Benjamin Publisher, 2006.

Siegel, D. & Dray, S. Making the business case for international user studies. In R. Bias & D. Mayhew, Eds., Cost justifying usability: A revision for the 21st Century. Elsevier, 2005.

Dray, S. & Siegel, D. Sunday in Shanghai, Monday in Madrid?!: Key issues and decisions in planning international user studies. In N. Aykin, Ed., Usability and Internationalization of Information Technology. Lawrence-Erlbaum, 2005.

Dray, S. & Rowland, L. 'Round the world in 18 days: Learnings from an international usability tour. In L. Trenner, Ed. The Politics of Usability. New York: Springer, 1998.

Dray, S. & Mrazek, D. A day in the life of a family: An international ethnographic study. In D. Wixon & J. Ramey, Eds. Field Methods Casebook for Software Design . New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1996.

Dray, S. & Mrazek, D. "A day in the life:" Studying context across cultures. In J. Nielsen & E. del Galdo, Eds. International User Interfaces. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1996.

Dray, S. & Karat, C-M. Human Factors cost-justification in an internal development organization. In R. Bias & D. Mayhew, eds. Cost-justifying Usability, Academic Press, 1994, pp. 111-122.

Robertson, M. & Dray, S. Linking perspectives: Using Macroergonomics to make technology work in organizations. In K. Noro & A. Imada, eds. Participatory Ergonomics, New York, Taylor & Francis, 1991, pp. 181-193.

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Tutorials & Courses

(Courses offered multiple times with minor revisions under slightly different titles are listed under their most recent title.)

Siegel, D. Demystifying and critiquing Quantitative user research. Tutorial to be presented at UPA 2010 (Munich, Germany).

Dray, S. & Siegel, D. An in-depth introduction to fieldwork in user-centered design. Tutorial to be presented at UPA 2010 (Munich, Germany), and CHI 2010 (Atlanta, GA). Previously presented at BCS-HCI 2009 (Cambridge, UK), Interact 2009 (Uppsala, Sweden), UPA 2009 (Portland, OR), CHI 2009 (Boston, MA), CHI 2008 (Florence), UPA 2008 (Baltimore), CHI 2007 (San Jose, CA), CHI 2006 (Montreal), UPA 2006 (Denver).

Siegel, D. & Dray, S. Beyond anecdotes: Analyzing qualitative data from field studies. To be presented at CHI 2010 (Atlanta, GA). Previously presented at BCS-HCI 2009 (Cambridge, UK), CHI 2009 (Boston, MA), CHI 2008 (Florence), CHI 2007 (San Jose), UPA 2007 (Austin), CHI 2006 (Montreal), Interact 2005 (Rome), BCS-HCI 2005 (Edinburgh), BayCHI (San Jose, CA, 2005), UPA 2004 (Minneapolis), CHI 2004 (Vienna), CHI 2003 (Ft. Lauderdale), Interact 2003 (Zurich, Switzerland), BCS-HCI 2003 (Bath, UK), HFES (Denver, 2003), and BCS-HCI/EUPA (London, UK, 2002).

Siegel, D., & Dray, S. Qualitative field research for user-centered design. Semester-long graduate course, Network for Effective Collaboration Technologies through Advanced Research (NECTAR), a network of Canada’s leading university researchers in HCI sponsored by the National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. Fall, 2008 and Winter, 2009.

Dray, S. & Siegel, D. Key Issues in planning and making sense of international field research. Tutorial presented at UPA 2009 (Portland, OR), UPA 2008 (Baltimore. MD), CHI 2008 (Florence, Italy).

Dray, S., & Siegel, D. Learning about users through Fieldwork. Tutorial presented at User Friendly 2008 (UPA China Regional conference), Shenzhen, China.

Siegel, D., & Dray, S. Evaluation in the field: usability, usefulness, and adoption of Technology. Tutorial, presented at User Friendly 2008 (UPA China Regional conference), Shenzhen, China, 2008.

Dray, S. & Siegel, D. Usable for the world: A practical guide to international user studies. Presented at CHI 2006 (Montreal), UPA 2006 (Denver), CHI 2005 (Portland), UPA 2004 (Minneapolis), IWIPS 2003 (Berlin) and 2001 (Milton Keynes, UK), CHI 2001 (Seattle, WA), TorCHI 2000 (Toronto).

Dray, S. & Siegel, D. The art of seeing: Observational techniques for learning about users and their work. Presented at CHI 2005 (Portland), APCHI 2004 (New Zealand), BCS-HCI 2003 (Bath), BCS-HCI/EUPA 2002 (London), CHI (Vienna, 2004, Ft. Lauderdale, 2003, Minneapolis, 2002, Seattle, 2001, and every prior year back to 1996), UPA 2001 (Las Vegas) and other venues.

Dray, S. & Siegel, D. Introduction to user-centered design. Tutorial presented at conference of the South African Institute of Computer Scientists and Information Technologists, Port Elizabeth, SA, 2002.

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Other Articles, Papers, and Presentations Churchill, E.m Dray, S., Elliot, A., Larvie, P. & Siegel. D. Addressing challenges in doing international field research. Panel to be presented at CHI 2010, Atlanta, GA, 2010.

M. Kam, M., Dray, S., Toyama, K., &Marsden, G. Computing technology in international development: Who, what, where, when, why and how? Panel to be presented at CHI 2010, Atlanta, GA, 2010.

Buie, E., Dray, S., Instone, K, Jain, J., Lindgaard, Lund, A. Researcher-practitioner interaction. Workshop to be presented at CHI 2010, Atlanta, GA.

Siegel, D., & Dray, S. Statistical Market Segments and Personas: Challenging Fallacies in User Research. To be presented at UPA 2010, Munich, Germany.

Siegel, D. The Mystique of Numbers: Belief in Quantitative Approaches to Segmentation and Persona Development. Paper to be presented at CHI 2010, Atlanta, Georgia.

Flynn, D., Lovejoy, T., Siegel, D., & Dray, S. Name that Segment!: Questioning the Unquestioned Authority of Numbers. Paper presented at EPIC 2009 (Ethnographic Praxis in Industry Conference), Chicago, IL.

Dray, S., & Siegel, D. Segmentation, Personas, and the Emperor’s New Clothes: Busting Myths in User Research. Presentation for the Minnesota Chapter, UPA, May 2009.

Light, A., Dray, S., Kam, M., Kodagoda, N., Ho, M., Sambasivan, N., & Thomas, J. Human-centered Computing in International Development. Workshop presented at CHI 2009, Boston, MA.

Dray, S. Fieldwork: Why You Need To Study Your Customers in Their Own Environment. Keynote presented at User Friendly 2008 (UPA China Regional conference), Shenzhen, China.

Siegel, D., & Dray, S. How Field Research can Lead to Insights and Support Innovation. Roundtable presented at User Friendly 2008 (UPA China Regional conference), Shenzhen, China.

Thomas, J., Dearden, A., Best, M., Dray, S., Light, A., Chetty, M., & Maunder, A. HCI for Community and International Development. Workshop presented at CHI 2008 , Florence, Italy.

Thomas, J., Dearden, A., Best, M., Winscheirs, H., Dray, S., & Aykin, N. Building an international community: Designing interactive systems for/with communities in the developing world. Workshop presented at Designing Interactive Systems Conference, Cape Town, South Africa, 2008.

Siegel, D. and Dray, S. Contextual Field Research for International Software Development. Presented at Human Computer Interaction International (HCII 2007) conference in Beijing, China.

Dray, S. and Siegel, D. Dealing with the challenges of interpreting international user research. Presented at Human Computer Interaction International (HCII 2007) conference in Beijing, China.

Dray, S. and Siegel, D. International Usability Evaluation and User Research. Advanced Practitioner Seminar presented at UPA 2007, Austin, TX, 2007.

Dearden, A., Best, M., Dray, S., Light, A. & Thomas, J. User Centered Design and International Development. Workshop presented at CHI 2007, San Jose, CA.

Siegel, D., Molich, R., & Dray, S. Dealing with key challenges in international usability and user research. Special Interest Group presented at CHI 2007, San Jose, CA.

Siegel, D. Making the business case for user-centered design strategically. Invited talk for the Computer-Human Interaction Forum of Oregon, Portland, 2007.

Siegel, D. Evaluation in the field. Advanced topic seminar presented at UPA 2006, Broomfield, CO.

Siegel, D., Reid, B., and Dray, S. IT security: Protecting organizations in spite of themselves. interactions, Special issue on security, 13[3], May-June, 2006.

Siegel, D. & Dray, S. What HCI adds to the product development stew. Interfaces, [66], Spring, 2006.

Dray, S. The Digital Divide: What does it have to do with Usability and why should we care? Presented at World Usability Day, Minneapolis, MN, 2005.

Dray, S. Here, there and everywhere: Conducting international and cross cultural user research. Presented to the Scottish Usability Professionals Association, Edinburgh, Scotland, September, 2005.

Dray, S. An introduction to field research. Presented at Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China, 2005.

Dray, S., Lai, J., Rosenberg, D., Siegel, D., & Wixon, D. Is ROI an effective approach for persuading decision-makers of the value of user-centered design? Panel presented at CHI 2005, Portland, OR.

Siegel, D. & Dray, S. Avoiding the next schism: Ethnography and usability. interactions, 12[2], March-April, 2005.

Dray, S. Walls or bridges?: The interdependence of academics and practitioners in human-computer interaction, Closing keynote address at Asia-Pacific Computer Human Interaction Conference, Rotorua, New Zealand, July, 2004.

Dray, S., Molich, R, & Siegel, D. Tips and Tricks for a Better International Usability Test. SIG presented at CHI 2004, Vienna, Austria.

Dray, S. & Siegel, D. International usability testing at a distance: Remote possibilities? interactions, 11[2], March-April, 2004.

Dray, S. & Siegel, D. Learning from Latin America: Methodological lessons from emerging markets. Paper presented at Contextual Invention, Bangalore, India, November, 2003.

Dray, S. Cross-cultural usability and localization: Partners in making products, documentation and websites usable around the world. Paper presented at Localization World, Seattle, 2003.

Dray, S. (Organizer), Cohen-Kiel, A., Siegel, D., Sturm, C., Thrift, N., Wixon, D. Ethnography in organizations: Questions of validity and value. Panel presented at BCS-HCI 2003, Bath, UK.

Dray, S. & Siegel, D. Addressing the digital divide through user-centered design, Keynote address presented at IWIPS 2003, Berlin, Germany.

Siegel, D. Living on the edges: User-centered design and the dynamics of specialization in organizations. interactions, 10[5], September-October, 2003, pp. 18-27.

Siegel, D. The business case for user-centered design: Increasing your power of persuasion. interactions, 10[3], May-June, 2003, pp. 30-36.

Dray, S., Siegel, D & Kotze, P (eds). Winds of change: HCI in the developing world. Special issue of interactions, 10[2}, March-April 2003.

Dray, S., Siegel, D & Kotze, P. Indra’s net: HCI in the developing world. Editors’ introduction to special issue of interactions, 10[2], March-April 2003.

Dray, S. Enablement through user-centered design of technology: How you can make a difference in the lives of your users. Opening keynote address at South African Institute of Computer Scientists and Information Technologists conference, Port Elizabeth, SA, 2002.

Siegel, D. & Rouchka, T. Demo-driven design, design-driven demos: Vaporware, demos, and prototypes. Interactions, 9[4], 25-30, July, 2002.

Dray, S., Siegel, D., Feldman, E., & Potenza, M. Why do Version 1.0 and not release it? Conducting Field Trials of the Tablet PC. interactions, 9[2], March/April, 2002.

Dray, S. & Siegel, D. The past recaptured: In search of lost paradigms. Behaviour and Information Technology, 20th Anniversary Issue, 20[5], September-October, 2001.

Dray, S. Unique challenges, familiar issues: Sharing lessons learned to help HCI in the new South Africa. Keynote address delivered at CHI-South Africa conference, Pretoria, 2001.

Dray, S. & Siegel, D. Multicultural ethnographic methods in HCI. Paper presented at CHI-South Africa conference, Pretoria, September, 2001.

Siegel, D. & Dray, S. New kid on the block: Marketing organizations and interaction design. interactions, 8[2], March/April, 2001.

Frohlich, D., Dray, S. & Silverman, A. Breaking up is hard to do: Family perspectives on the future of the home PC. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 54[5], May 2001.

Dray, S. Thoughts from 35,000 feet: The evolving real-world context of User Centered Design. Interactions, 7[3], May/June, 2000.

Dray, S., & Siegel, D. Penny-wise, pound-wise: Making intelligent trade-offs in planning usability studies. interactions, 6[3], 25-30, May/June, 1999.

Dray, S. Usability through user-centered design of medical devices: Practical steps for device designers. Presentation at Biomedical Focus 1998, Minneapolis, MN..

Dray, S., & Siegel, D. User-centered design and the "vision thing." interactions, 5[2], 16-20, March, 1998.

Dray, S. & Siegel, D. Technology and the diffusion of community. Paper presented at the 13th Triennial Congress of the International Ergonomics Association, Tampere, Finland, July, 1997.

Millen, D., Schriefer, A., Lehder, D. & Dray, S. Mind maps and causal models: Using graphical representations of field research data. Paper presented at CHI 1997, Atlanta, GA.

Millen, D. & Dray, S. Job transformation in the age of the Net. interactions, 4[2], 13-18, March, 1997.

Dray, S. & Siegel, D. Putting the "user" in medical device user interface design. Paper presented at MD&M '96, Minneapolis, MN.

Dray, S. & Siegel, D. Negotiating the organizational factors in technical consulting. Paper presented at the 5th International Symposium on Human Factors in Organizational Design and Management, Breckenridge, Colorado, July, 1996.

Karat, J., Atwood, M., Dray, S., Rantzer, M., & Wixon, D. User centered design: quality or quackery? Panel presented at CHI'96: Human Factors in Computer Systems Conference, Vancouver, B.C., April, 1996.

Dray, S. Designing for the rest of the world: A consultant's observations. interactions, 3[2], 15-18, March, 1996.

Dray, S. The importance of designing usable systems. interactions, 2[1], 17-20, January, 1995.

Dray, S. Global Goes GUI: A case study of the introduction of User-Centered Design. Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, San Diego, CA, 1995, pp 844-848.

Mrazek, D., Dray, S., and Dyer, N. Studying "A day in the life" of a family: Making a major research project happen. Paper presented at the European Society for Opinion and Marketing Research (ESOMAR) 48th Market Research Congress, The Hague, The Netherlands, 1995.

Dray, S. & Mrazek, D. Usability maturity metrics: How do you know when you're getting there (and what does "there" look like?). Paper presented at UPA 1995, Portland, ME.

Dray, S. Minimizing organizational risks of Client/Server technology. Speech at the Association for Systems Management, Twin Cities Chapter, Minneapolis, MN, 1995.

Dray, S. Dealing with GUI messes: Applying Human Factors to the design of the user interface. Speech presented at the Twin Cities ACM, Minneapolis, MN, 1994.

Dray, S. & Caldwell, B. Tools for the user-centered design toolbox. Tutorial presented at the 38th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, Nashville, TN, October, 1994.

Dray, S., Bagnara, S., Harker, S., Shanavaz, H., & Stewart, T. Helping the shoe to fit: Designing computer technology for different cultures. Panel presented at the 4th International Symposium on Human Factors in Organizational Design and Management, Stockholm, Sweden, 1994.

Cole, E., Dehdashti, P., Petti, L., Angert, M., & Dray, S. Participatory design with cognitively impaired users: The insight of brain injury patients designing prosthetic software. Paper presented at the 4th International Symposium on Human Factors in Organizational Design and Management, Stockholm, Sweden, 1994.

Cole, E., Dehdashti, P., Petti, L., Angert, M., & Dray, S. Organizational factors influencing the design of a technology-based therapy: A multidisciplinary approach. Paper presented at the 4th International Symposium on Human Factors in Organizational Design and Management, Stockholm, Sweden, May, 1994.

Dray, S. Taming the "Sticky" GUI: New Roles for Technical Communicators. Paper presented at The Society for Technical Communication Annual Meeting, Minneapolis, MN, 1994.

Dray, S. Minimizing organizational risks of technological change. Tutorial presented at CHI'94: Human Factors in Computer Systems Conference, Boston, MA, 1994.

Dray, S. Applying Human Factors to the design of graphical user interfaces. Speech presented at IEEE Computer Group Technical Conference, Minneapolis, MN, 1994.

Dayton, T., Dray, S., Mrazek, D., Muckler, F., & Rafeld, M. Making Human Factors usable. Proceedings of the 37th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, Seattle, WA, 1993, pp. 863-866.

Hedge, A., Cornell, P., O'Neill, M., & Dray, S. The "Big Picture" in office design. Proceedings of the 37th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, Seattle, WA, 1993, pp. 474-478.

Dray, S. Usability testing for the enterprise: Champagne testing on a beer budget. Speech presented at Seybold Windows Solutions Conference, Santa Clara, CA, 1993.

Dray, S. Technological change: Minimizing the organizational risks. Speech presented to The Koehn Institute, University of Wisconsin, Oshkosh, WI, July, 1993.

Papers, articles and presentations prior to 1993 available on request

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